14 R1.T2 – Module 1: Climate Change and Sustainable Development However, it wasn’t until the year 1997 during the ‘Earth Summit’ (La Cumbre de la Tierra) in Rio de Janeiro that the concept of sustainable development was made official (Garett, 2020). In accordance to this, we could describe sustainable development as the representation of the transition between society as we know it right now and a more respectful and environmentally-friendly one. In particular, we can quote the definition made by Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway, who described sustainable development as (BBVA, nd): “The development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" In general, there are 4 main types of sustainable development, which are being implemented in the following fields: • Economic sustainability which aims to reduce extreme poverty and ensure fair wage employment for all. • Environmental sustainability which aims to protect the natural balance of the planet, while limiting the impact of human activities on the planet. • Social sustainability, which guarantees access to resources and basic services for all. • Political sustainability, which is the one that seeks a correct governance to lead taking into account the previous types of sustainability: economic, environmental and social. Video Take a look at these videos that summarise the main features of sustainable development https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbAjxkGvDNs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-A3boe-LpHg As you can notice from the abovementioned, sustainable development is characterized by the intersection of the different dimensions (social, environmental, economic and political/ institutional). Along with these features there are also some key principles that govern sustainable development highlighting the context within which it operates. These key principles concern (Cohen, 2021;): Source: https://www.eolss.net/eolss-inspiration.aspx
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