18 There are different types of behaviour change. The transtheoretical model was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in the late ’70s and suggests six stages of behaviour change (Prochaska, 1979; Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982). These stages are: 1. Precontemplation In this stage, the individual is not intending to change their behaviour in the foreseeable future. They may be uninformed about the consequences of their behaviour or lack confidence in their ability to change, sometimes because of previous failed attempts. 2. Contemplation The individual is intending to change their behaviour within the next six months. They can see the benefits of making a change but are also very aware of the disadvantages and challenges, which can keep them stuck in this stage. 3. Preparation The individual is planning to change their behaviour within the next 30 days. They have usually taken some steps already, such as joining a support group, buying a self-help book, finding a coach etc., and have some form of plan in place. 4. Action The individual has made significant changes to their behaviour within the last six months, which has led to a different outcome in their health and/or wellbeing. 5. Maintenance The individual continues to change their behaviour so as to prevent a setback but is not putting as much time and effort into this as in the action stage. NOTE: Relapse can occur at any stage up to and including this one, going back to any of the earlier stages in the model. People most frequently return to contemplation or preparation for another attempt at changing their behaviour (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). 6. Termination The individual is no longer tempted to use their old behaviour as a coping method and feels confident in their ability to keep this change. Many people will struggle to reach this end state. Source: https://positivepsychology.com/behavior-change/#techniques It is known that emotions create habits. Likewise, when a behaviour becomes more automatic, we start calling it a habit. Automaticity defines habits in general. Some examples of behaviours that are the target of change interventions are:
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